When should PSA levels start being tested?

Testing for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels typically begins at age 50 for most men, particularly for those at average risk of prostate cancer. This recommendation is largely supported by guidelines from leading health organizations, which suggest that discussions about the benefits and risks of PSA testing should start around this age.

For men who have a higher risk of developing prostate cancer—such as African American men or those with a family history of prostate cancer—screening may begin earlier, at age 40 or 45, depending on individual risk factors. However, for the general population, the initiation of testing at age 50 is considered the standard approach.

The rationale behind starting PSA testing at age 50 is to balance the benefits of early detection of prostate cancer with the potential for overdiagnosis and overtreatment. The age recommendation aims to ensure that men are screened when it is most beneficial, helping to catch potential malignancies at a stage where intervention can improve outcomes.