Which of the following is a potential risk factor for coronary artery disease?

Smoking is widely recognized as a significant risk factor for coronary artery disease. This behavior contributes to the development of atherosclerosis, which is the buildup of plaque in the arteries that can lead to blockages and subsequent cardiovascular complications such as heart attacks. Smoking causes damage to the endothelium of blood vessels, reduces oxygen delivery, increases blood pressure, and promotes the formation of clots, all of which elevate the risk for coronary artery disease.

In contrast, low levels of LDL cholesterol are generally considered protective against heart disease, as high LDL levels are a well-known risk factor. Regular exercise is linked to a reduction in cardiac risk factors, including lowering hypertension and improving lipid profiles. Diets rich in fruits and vegetables are associated with lower rates of heart disease due to their high fiber content and beneficial vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. Thus, while smoking is harmful and a recognized risk factor, the other options point to healthier lifestyle choices that could reduce the risk of developing coronary artery disease.